Weld Steel Pipe To Stainless Steel Pipe

The standard welding processes TIG, MIG, and stick are all capable of welding carbon steel pipe to stainless steel pipe. Standard carbon E-class welding electrodes like E70 for MIG or 7018 for stick will hold the pipe together, but the weld will be compromised by the lack of chromium and nickel in the alloy.

Therefore a high-carbon stainless steel electrode must be used to seal the weld joint. 309 welding electrodes offer the correct composition to ensure that the weld has proper penetration and structural integrity.

Cut the end off of the welding wire protruding from the welding tip of the MIG welder with the wire cutters. Back spool the welding wire to remove the wire from the MIG gun and lead. Remove the spool of wire. Spool the MIG welder with the 309 welding wire.

Exchange the gas with the three part shielding gas mixture. Before attaching the three part shielding gas, lay the gas bottle on its side and roll the tank back and forth for two minutes to ensure a thorough mixing of the gas. Attach the gas gauges to the three-part gas bottle.

Turn on the MIG welder and set the heat and wire speed. Due to the higher amount of heat required to weld stainless steel, your standard heat settings for carbon steel will be inadequate. Look in your welding guide to determine an initial test setting for your heat and wire speed. Run a test pass with the welder to ensure that the settings are correct.

Cut two pieces of Stainless steel pipe and two pieces of carbon steel pipe 4 inches long to use as test pieces. Mark the pipe with the permanent marker and the pipe wrap. Cut the pipe with the band saw. When cutting the stainless steel, reduce the speed and use cutting fluid to keep the band saw blade cool.

Attach the hard grinding wheel to the grinder. Place a 20-degree bevel on end of the cut test pieces of pipe with the grinder. Hold the grinder at a consistent 20 degrees to give you an even fill line. Take care when grinding the pipe. Heat builds quickly especially on stainless steel pipe. The pipe will get hot enough to produce burns in a matter of seconds.

Place one beveled end of the steel pipe against a beveled end of the stainless steel pipe. Allow a 1/16th weld gap between the two pieces of pipe. Place a tack in the weld joint to hold the pipe together. Roll the pipe and place a tack every inch around the entire circumference of the pipe. Ensure that at each tack you hold the 1/16th inch weld gap.

Weld the pipe together. Start the weld on the stainless steel pipe and pull the puddle onto the carbon Stainless steel seamless pipe. Roll your MIG gun in a circle to flow the puddle, dropping 1/8th of an inch at each down stroke to create a nice "roll of dimes" weld. Watch the bottom of the weld to ensure proper penetration. If you find that the carbon pipe is under-cutting, reduce the heat on your MIG welder and try again. When reducing the amount of heat fails to reduce the undercut, quicken the up stroke of your circle to pull the heat away from the steel pipe.

Polish Stainless Steel Pipe

Stainless steel pipe doesn't look all shiny and new right off the welding line. In fact, it looks burnt and kind of charred. Polishing it will give it that mirror finish (or satin silver finish) that makes it such an attractive accessory.

Grind down any welds that are still on the pipe. Use a grinding disc and grinder for this task.

Mount the pipe into a pipe vise or similar set-up. If you don't have a professional pipe vise, you can use a regular vise wrapped with a towel or fitting with a rubber cap, but a professional vise is recommended. You will be applying a great deal of downward pressure to the pipe during the polish.

Apply a polishing compound to the pipe. Then slide your polishing belt (120 to 180 grit) onto the pipe and around the head of a grinder (fitted with a belt wheel sized to your pipe width). Hold this below the steel pipe and move it slowly back and forth across the Stainless steel pipe, sanding as you go.

Apply additional polishing compound as needed. Then continue to use the grinding belt wheel to polish the pipe by sliding it along the pipe with steady motions.

Apply polishing compound to the stainless steel pipe and buff the fine lines out with a buffer grinding disc.

Repeat until you have a stainless steel pipe polished to the finish you desire.

You can put several types of finishes on a Stainless steel seamless pipe. The smaller the grit of the belt sander, the finer the finish you will achieve. Different types of abrasive and non-abrasive buffing discs can also be used along with the belt grinder to achieve different types of finishes.

News Abount Steel Association opposed the EU imposed anti-dumping duties on seamless pipe

Stainless steel pipe exports have dropped sharply

CISA strong protest and express our firm opposition and strongly urge the Chinese Government to take legal means to safeguard the steel industry and China's legitimate rights and interests of seamless pipe business, does not rule out the case to the World Trade Organization dispute settlement mechanism.

Following the case of Sino-US tires after the September 24th, European Commission proposal on the production of seamless steel pipe from China, impose a period of five years of formal anti-dumping duty, the tax rate as high as 39.2% for non-circular cross-section and an external diameter of more than 406.4 millimeters of Stainless steel seamless pipe. Final determination will be submitted to the EU Council adopted the European Commission, published on October 8.

China Steel Association official said that since the European Union July 9, 2008 placed on file, China seamless pipe exports dropped drastically in August this year, exports to the EU a number of ~ 96,000 tons, with 327,000 tons last year, down 70.96% ; export value of 460 million U.S. dollars from the same period last year fell to 160 million U.S. dollars this year, trade volume fell 65.45%. The European Commission in the assessment completely ignored this fact, but based solely on the charges in the future, may cause damage to speculate on the basis of judgments.

It is understood that China Steel Association organized a new rule of CITIC Pacific Steel, Valin value for pipe, steel pipe, seamless pipe Panzhihua, Chengdu, Wuxi Seamless, Baosteel, Anshan Iron and Steel and other nine companies, representing 210 enterprises to actively be involved in the case v., organizing defense industry, and has in the January 15, 2009, June 4 hearing of the European Commission cited the fact that the data set, but did not receive sufficient attention, in particular the European Union during the survey period seamless industrial profits up 15 percent.

"My iron and steel," said analyst Xu Xiangchun, 2008, China's exports to the EU the number of Stainless steel pipe for the 498.6 thousand tons, amounting to 740 million U.S. dollars.

Sub-provinces and cities nationwide in 2009 seamless steel pipe production statistics show that in August, China's output of seamless steel pipe 182.69 tons, down 3.1%; January-August cumulative production of 13.6656 million tons, an increase of output of 02.2 thousand tons, increase of close to zero.Steel Bending Machine, flexsteel rv furniture.

Stainless Steel and Non Stick Cooking Pans

I have had cheap, medium priced and expensive stainless steel, cheap, medium priced and expensive non-stick and at all price brackets stainless steel beats the non-stick. Although I have also learned that one should buy the best (which, if you look for one indicator, means the heaviest and thickest-based) cookware one can afford, unless it’s only for temporary arrangement.

I have been cooking for about 15 years now, and I tried almost the whole gamut of cookware products. All have their benefits, and I wouldn’t be without my cast-iron enamelled Le Creusets or silicone loaf tin. Copper pans have fantastic uses too. Overall, though, for pots and pans for the majority of cooking tasks you can’t beat stainless steel (although I do keep my eyes open for hard anodised not-non-stick finishes, but these, so far, have been too expensive for the relatively small extra benefit).

Why?

1)Stainless steel will last longer. Whatever you do, if used regularly and in a normal manner, the non-stick coating will, eventually, develop scratches, and peel and crack. In fact, it’s recommended to change the non-stick cookware every few years! Excuse me, but I can’t afford (and in all honesty, don’t want to) use a product that seems to have built-in obsolescence. If I spend 40GBP ($80) on a cooking pot, I expect it to last for many years, not to need replacing almost as soon as I get used to it.

2)Stainless steel is much more forgiving. With most non-stick surfaces, you are limited in the range of cooking tools and cleaning implements that you can use. Even the ingredients of your dish (bones and shells for example) can scratch the surface! I am busy and cook in a flurry of creative chaos (to call it nicely) and I think the effort to keep special plastic or wooden tools for the pot or pots I am using is just not worth the additional benefit. Plus, once those little scratches appear, something will stick and as you try to clean it, the surface will get damaged more, and then stick more, and so on.

3)Non stick sticks. I am yet to see a truly non-stick non-stick. It might be my personal talent for burning things, but they do, occasionally, burn, cook dry, overheat and similar. With a stainless steel cookware it can pretty much always be scraped, scrubbed and sanded off. With a non-stick surface, although it might take longer for the disaster to happen, once it’s stuck, that’s it: you can’t resort to Brillo pads or sharp blades, you can only throw the thing away.

4)Stainless steel pipe is more heat resistant. It can be used in the oven at all temperatures (including over 200C), and if you accidentally overheat it on the hob, it doesn’t start to emit mysterious fumes, but just goes, well, very, very hot.

5)Non stick produces noxious fumes. Overheated stainless steel fumes won’t give you a headache, kill your canary or cause bad reaction in your child. In fact, there won’t be any fumes at all, just a very hot pan. Overheated non-stick can produce pretty noxious fumes that have been known to kill pet birds and cause people to suffer to.

6)Stainless steel doesn’t chip and the chips are not a health hazard, like chips of non-stick are often considered to be.

7)Non stick is more fragile. You can stack stainless steel pans inside each other, chuck other things made of metal into them and generally store them with much less care than you have to give to non-stick.

8)Good seamless pipe doesn’t clean any worse than non-stick with a bit of a soak, and is in fact much easier to clean if anything does stick.

My favourite stainless steel cookware brand is Stellar (I like Lamina & 1000 series, but if you are sill unconvinced, they do lots of non-stick too!).

A Look at Unique and Durable Stainless Steel Water Bottles

Stainless steel pipe water bottles are durable, unique, and easy to clean.

On the go individuals looking for sturdy water bottle designs that won't break or leak should consider stainless steel made bottles for their hydration needs. A few companies make stainless steel water bottles and 5 have been chosen for this review.

Keep in mind that one big downside to stainless steel water bottles is that some of them wear quicker when washed in a dishwasher unlike some plastic counterparts. However they won't leak or break and won't have that plastic aftertaste that some bottles have.

New Wave makes a variety of stainless steel water bottle and food storage products. Their water bottles come in sizes ranging from 0.6 liters to 40 ounces.

The stainless steel bottles designed by New Wave come in a variety of shapes and sizes as well as a range of tinted steel colors. The 0.6 liter bottles have specially designed tops that allow them to be easily attached to backpacks, belt loops, and hooks.

Klean Kanteen on their website claims to be the original stainless steel water bottle. The sizes of the bottles range from 12 ounces up to 40 ounces and all models features the special screw on cap that allows for attachment to backpacks and hooks.

They have a sleek design and all of the sizes have a similar shape and grip. According to the company website, Klean's stainless steel water bottles are lined on the inside with a material that protects them and allows them to be washed in the dishwasher.

The color designs of these bottles are classy and have a glossy look on the outside. Klean also explains that their bottles are recyclable as well.

Nathan Sports makes these stainless steel water bottles that range in size from 500ml to 1 liter sizes. They have set themselves apart from the competition with the patent pending flip straw top designthat allows you to get the hydration you need without spilling the liquid all over. The flip top connects to an internal straw that goes all the way down to the bottom of the bottle. Plus it is leak proof and dishwasher safe.

The color and designs are also unique to these bottles. The colors come in types such as Pink Love and Green Recycle and some bottles feature images of animals and other nature friendly designs on them.

A bit more expensive when it comes to water bottles but this may be due to the straw design feature.

Earthlust Stainless steel pipe are made in limited edition batches making them a unique and attention getting water bottle. They are naturally unlined stainless steel and safe for a variety of liquids.

They come in sizes ranging from 13 ounces up to 1 liter. Each bottle has a unique art design and color with many of the bottles being limited edition designs. Clearly Earthlust is aiming for a market of water bottle users that appreciate a good looking, artistically designed bottle.

I was impressed by the art and designs of these bottles, many that come with tops that come with the clips needed to clip your bottle onto backpacks and belt loops. Surprisingly they cost less than some bottles with little or no aesthetic appeal.

These stainless steel bottles are incredibly unique and while I don't currently own an Earthlust water bottle I may consider purchasing one after seeing what they offer. They also make hats and carry bags with a focus on environmental protection.

What caught my attention about ThinkSport stainless steel bottles was their dedication and focus to producing 100% safe and toxin free bottle designs. While most companies produce safe water bottles, ThinkSport focuses on bottles that won't break down over time and thus remain safe for the duration of their usage time.

They are double walled and have a vacuum sealed design which is said to keep beverages hot or cold for hours.

They mainly come in just two sizes, 350ml and 750ml sizes. While they lack the hook or open circle style caps that many stainless steel bottles have for attachment purposes, the ThinkSmart bottles do still feature an attached screw on lid.

Look wise they come in black and grey with white text stating 'Think Smart' on them. So for someone who wants to have a unique looking bottle, this might not be the water bottle for them.

All stainless steel bottles are durable and many are designed to be dishwasher safe. Always make sure you check the specifications on the specific stainless steel bottle that you purchase as those that are not dishwasher safe could become worn down or unsafe to use after breaking down.

This writer has learned a lot about Stainless steel seamless pipe and was impressed by the wide range of stainless steel bottles and the sheer artistic nature of many of the companies making them.

Stainless steel Goes Under the Microscope at UTC

May’s Shop Talk began a series on the materials used in our industry. The series continues with stainless steel.

Stainless steel: Most people have heard of, and even used, stainless steel. This material is used for many things from table flatware to aircraft parts. Stainless steel is so called because of its resistance to corrosion. There are two broad groups of stainless steel. Like other types of steel, these groups are classified according to the chemical composition of the material.

400 series: One group is called 400 series stainless steel. This group is coded by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) as 51403-51502, where the American Iron and Steel Institute uses the final three digits and calls these steel 403-502. The first digit (5), indicates a chromium steel and the additional digits indicate varying additional elements which determine the characteristics of the material.

Turn over a fork or spoon. Unless you’re using grandmother’s silver, it probably says “stainless.” Flatware is the most recognizable use of 400 series stainless steel.

Machining 400 series stainless: 400 series steel are used in a wide variety of machining applications. It has better machining characteristics than the 300 series steel.

When drilling and tapping 400 series stainless steel, cobalt tooling works well. For rough and finish turning, carbide tooling is sufficient at speeds of 300 to 700 SFPM. Lower SFPM should be selected with this harder material. Overall, 400 seamless pipe is machined similar to a preheat-treated alloy steel.

400 series steel can be supplied in a heat-treated condition resulting in reduced cutting speeds. The 400 series stainless is magnetic and allows for heat treatment procedures. It does not possess the high corrosion resistance of 300 series steel but it can be hardened to 50 Rc.

Escalating steel prices seen as a reason to reduce the supply base and seek out substitute materials.

Value analysis was initiated in late 2005 for the half-dozen metalworking companies under the United Technologies Corp. umbrella when it became apparent this year’s corporate cost of stainless steel sheet was heading for an increase of 35% and maybe higher.

‘There are lots of opportunities for value analysis within the commercial group that would both reduce future cost and increase the functionality of our metals buys,’ says Troy McFarlane, commodity manager for commercial metals at UTC in Farmington, Conn. ‘We decided to go with stainless steel, first, because of the volume of the total buy (around 20,000 tons/year on average) and the inflation rate our businesses were trying to handle individually. Also because of the possible use of duplex, martensitic and ferritic grades of stainless steel in which nickel plays a lesser role than in austenitic and precipitation hardening stainless steel.’

All metals are targeted

Stainless steel pipe is just the first of what will be a corporate value analysis project for all production metals sponsored by senior management at each metal-using division. The idea is to eventually consolidate purchasing of a slimmed-down family of steel, aluminum and copper products used by the commercial and industrial firms of Otis Elevator, Carrier, UTC Fire & Security and Hamilton Sundstrand Industrials’ units of Sullair, Sundyne and Milton Roy.

“First, even before we delved into the VA (value analysis) process”, says McFarlane, we had to complete due diligence about just what stainless steel our companies bought, why they bought those specific grades and who they bought them from.’ Since all the UTC metalworking companies use some form of stainless steel sheet, the project took on a degree of urgency when it became obvious that buyers of stainless steel were watching a pricing tidal wave approach their shores this year.

Steel and Pipe Used for Anything from Cars to Construction

There are probably as many different Stainless steel pipe products on offer in the market as there are different uses for them - and with steel used in almost anything from construction to packaging, it’s hard to keep track of all the different types.

While steel manufacturers have different specs for steel and pipe on offer, there are some broad categorizations to help users make informed decisions.

Firstly, all steel and pipe are alloys in which iron is mixed with carbon and other elements. Steels are therefore described as mild, medium- or high-carbon steels, depending on the percentage carbon they contain. The higher the carbon content, the harder the steel will be.

Metals such as nickel and chromium can also be added to produce alloy steels, for example stainless steel, which is used in high-end, quality steel products. Galvanized steel is coated with zinc to prevent corrosion, for example for the use of roof sheeting.

Galvanized pipe is also mainly used in construction, while corrugated steel pipes will be used more often for drainage, sewer and transportation. Seamless pipe, made from high-quality steel, is used for steam boilers and pipelines.

Steel products can be divided into two groups - flat and long products. Flat steel is used in the manufacture of cars, electrical products, sheeting, coils and pipes. Long products, on the other hand, are mainly used in construction.

Steel and pipe buyers will also come across the terms hot rolled and cold rolled steel. This refers to the heat treatment given during the production process, and has an impact on the qualities of the product. Cold rolled products are normally harder and more brittle, while hot rolled steel and pipe will be softer.

In addition to the different qualities of steel and seamless pipe products, they are also available in a wide variety of different sizes and thicknesses.

Method for protecting stainless steel pipe

1.Method for protecting stainless steel flow-conducting component used in hot geothermal brine service from chloride stress corrosion caused by contact of geothermal brine with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally coating said exterior surface with metal having an electrode potential more negative than that of the stainless steel being protected.

2.For protecting flow-conducting component constructed of stainless steel containing less than about 15 weight percent nickel used in geothermal brine service from chloride stress corrosion caused by contact of geothermal brine having temperature of at least about 150° F. with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally-spraying onto an exterior surface thereof metal selected from the group consisting of mild steel, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, and mixtures thereof to provide metal coating of at least about 5 mils.

3.The protective method as claimed in claim 2 wherein said stainless steel is selected from austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex types of stainless steels.

4.For protecting stainless steel flow-conducting component used in geothermal brine service from stress corrosion cracking caused by contact of geothermal brine with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally-spraying onto said exterior surface in region of residual stress metal having an electrode potential more negative than that of the stainless steel being protected.

5.Method for protecting stainless steel flow-conducting component through which is flowed corrosive geothermal brine having temperature of at least about 150° F. from stress corrosion cracking caused by contact of geothermal brine with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally-spraying mild steel onto said exterior surface in region of residual stress to provide thereon mild steel coating of at least about 5 mils.

6.The protective method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the stainless steel flow-conducting component is constructed of stainless steel selected from austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex types of seamless pipe.

7.An article consisting of stainless steel having surface thereof coated with metal having an electrode potential more negative than that of said stainless steel, said stainless steel being selected from austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex stainless steel, said metal being coated upon said surface to thickness of at least about 5 mils.

8.An article for use in hot geothermal brine service consisting of stainless steel flow-conducting component having nickel content less than about 18 percent, an exterior surface of said component having thereon coating of metal selected from the group consisting of mild steel, aluminum, magnesium, zinc and mixtures thereof, said coating having thickness of about 5 to about 40 mils.

9.The article as claimed in claim 8 wherein said stainless steel is selected from the group consisting of austenitic steel and chrome-duplex steel.

10.A stainless steel component having an interior surface for conducting flow of hot geothermal brine through said component and an external surface, at least portion of which is coated with metal having an electrode potential more negative than said stainless steel.

11. The component as claimed in claim 10 wherein said stainless steel pipe is selected from the group consisting of austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex stainless steel.

Pneumatic or servo? Choosing the right gripper for your automated laboratory process

The demand for speed to market requires that drug discovery, biotechnology and clinical diagnostics labs work faster, more accurately and more efficiently than in the past. Increasingly, lab technicians and scientists seeking greater levels of automation are turning to gripper solutions that mechanize what have traditionally been manual and mundane tasks, allowing them to work on more value-added activities.

Currently, a wide variety of pneumatic and servo grippers are available, each with its own set of unique attributes. It is critical that manufacturers select the appropriate gripper for their process. By understanding the specific advantages of servo and pneumatic grippers, life scientists can make smarter choices in selecting the best tool for any given application--as well as maximize the benefits in accelerated research and development processes, reduced human error, increased volumes of sample tracking and improved sterile conditions.

The majority of grippers utilized by manufacturers today are pneumatic grippers. These low-cost end-of-arm tools are cost effective and have the ability to produce and maintain considerably more force than servo grippers. While more expensive, servo grippers are necessary when more control is required for more delicate and complex assembly and handling applications.

Servo grippers, with their human-hand-like design, offer greater degrees of freedom and are appropriate for many medical applications. With the added expense of servo grippers, manufacturers need to carefully analyze their needs in order to make an educated decision on which gripper to design into their workcell. Applied Robotics, Inc., a global supplier of end-of-arm tooling solutions, conducted a thorough comparative analysis and has formulated the following application questions based on flexibility, control and environmental requirements to help manufacturers make that decision.

Method for protecting stainless steel pipe

1.Method for protecting stainless steel flow-conducting component used in hot geothermal brine service from chloride stress corrosion caused by contact of geothermal brine with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally coating said exterior surface with metal having an electrode potential more negative than that of the Stainless steel seamless pipe being protected.

2.For protecting flow-conducting component constructed of stainless steel containing less than about 15 weight percent nickel used in geothermal brine service from chloride stress corrosion caused by contact of geothermal brine having temperature of at least about 150° F. with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally-spraying onto an exterior surface thereof metal selected from the group consisting of mild steel, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, and mixtures thereof to provide metal coating of at least about 5 mils.

3.The protective method as claimed in claim 2 wherein said stainless steel is selected from austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex types of stainless steels.

4.For protecting stainless steel flow-conducting component used in geothermal brine service from stress corrosion cracking caused by contact of geothermal brine with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally-spraying onto said exterior surface in region of residual stress metal having an electrode potential more negative than that of the stainless steel being protected.

5.Method for protecting stainless steel flow-conducting component through which is flowed corrosive geothermal brine having temperature of at least about 150° F. from stress corrosion cracking caused by contact of geothermal brine with an exterior surface of said component comprising thermally-spraying mild steel onto said exterior surface in region of residual stress to provide thereon mild steel coating of at least about 5 mils.

6.The protective method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the stainless steel flow-conducting component is constructed of stainless steel selected from austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex types of Stainless steel seamless pipe.

7.An article consisting of stainless steel having surface thereof coated with metal having an electrode potential more negative than that of said stainless steel, said stainless steel being selected from austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex stainless steel, said metal being coated upon said surface to thickness of at least about 5 mils.

8.An article for use in hot geothermal brine service consisting of stainless steel flow-conducting component having nickel content less than about 18 percent, an exterior surface of said component having thereon coating of metal selected from the group consisting of mild steel, aluminum, magnesium, zinc and mixtures thereof, said coating having thickness of about 5 to about 40 mils.

9.The article as claimed in claim 8 wherein said stainless steel is selected from the group consisting of austenitic steel and chrome-duplex steel.

10.A stainless steel component having an interior surface for conducting flow of hot geothermal brine through said component and an external surface, at least portion of which is coated with metal having an electrode potential more negative than said stainless steel.

11. The component as claimed in claim 10 wherein said stainless steel pipe is selected from the group consisting of austenitic stainless steel and chrome-duplex stainless steel.

Process for Making a Plasitic Moulded Article with a Decorated Surface

Processes for making a plastic mould article with a decorated surface includes introducing a decorated film in a mould, and filling of the mould with a plastic composition by means of injection moulding. The decorated film is preferably at least one layer consisting essentially of a thermoplastic elastomer containing polyether segments.

The plastic composition is preferably injection moulded to form a moulded article thereof having openings therethrough which are covered by the decorated film. In especially preferred embodiments, the moulded article is a housing front for a cellular telephone.

Claims

1. Process for making a plastic moulded article with a decorated surface, comprising the steps of.(a) introducing in a mould a decorated film which comprises at least one layer consisting essentially of a thermoplastic elastomer containing polyether segments; and(b) filling of the mould with a plastic composition by means of injection moulding to form a moulded article of the plastic composition having openings therethrough which openings are covered by the decorated film.

2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the moulded article is a housing front for a cellular telephone.

3. Process according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer has a hardness of 30-75 Shore D.

4. Process according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is a copolyether ester.

5. Process according to claim 4, wherein the copolyether ester contains hard segments that are essentially based on Rapid prototype polybutylene terephthalate.

6. Process according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer contains soft segments derived from poly(tetramethylene oxide)glycol or ethylene oxide-terminated poly(propylene oxide)glycol.

7. Process according to claim 1, wherein the film is decorated by means of sublimation printing.

8. Process according to claim 1, wherein the film is transparent or translucent.

9. Process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is a foamed film with a closed cell structure.

10. Process according to claim 1, wherein the film consists of a single layer consisting essentially of a thermoplastic elastomer containing polyether segments.

11. Process according to claim 1, wherein the film comprises at least two layers, of which at least an outer layer consists essentially of a thermoplastic elastomer containing polyether segments and which has been provided with decorations.

12. Process according to claim 11, wherein the at least two layers both consist essentially of a thermoplastic elastomer containing polyether segments, but of different hardness.

13. Process according to claim 1, wherein a plastic composition is used that is based on a polymer that is compatible or miscible with the thermoplastic elastomer containing polyether segments.

14. Process according to claim 13, wherein the plastic composition is based on a thermoplastic polyester and/or a polycarbonate, and the thermoplastic elastomer is a copolyether ester.

15. Process according to claim 14, wherein the plastic composition is a blend of bisphenol-A polycarbonate and acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers.

16. Process according to claim 1, wherein the film is laser-markable.

17. Process according to claim 1, wherein the plastic composition is laser-markable.

18. A Plastic mold article which comprises an injection-moulded part having holes, and a decorated film layer adhered to the injection-molded part and covering the holes thereof, wherein the decorated film layer comprises at least one layer consisting essentially of a thermoplastic elastomer containing polyether segments.

19. A plastic moulded article according to claim 18 in the form of a housing front for a cellular telephone.

20. A plastic moulded article according to claim 18, wherein the decorated film layer has soft touch and/or non-slip properties.

21. A plastic moulded article according to claim 18, wherein the decorated film layer is laser-marked.

How to put games into your R4

This is a site that can help you with your R4 problem!

DS fans who have heard of the R4 must have had a strong desire for it. I myself am an owner of an R4, and I know that the first few minutes of using it can be hard, especially putting games into it. There aren't that man complications to the R4, it's just that sometimes, the R4 doesn't come with detailed pamphlet explaining how to put games into the R4, and this article will help with that.

Required items:

R4 Chip

Micro SD Card (Comes with R4)

USB for SD Card (Comes with R4)

Computer or Laptop with USB ports

A program that can read .rar files. Click here to take you to WinRar download.

1. Your R4 should have come with a USB with a little slot at the end of it. You must insert your Micro SD card into the little slot.

2. Connect the USB into your computer or laptop and open the contents of the USB. (You can go to Computer, then double click on the icon of the USB.)

3. Go to the internet and find a website that has NDS R4 roms you can download. You can go to Google and type in "NDS Roms" or "Nintendo DS Roms" and you should get some good websites. I usually use Romulation, which has many NDS roms for your R4.

Alert!:You need to have Winrar installed on your computer, or else you cannot use the games you download!Go to the top of the page and click on the link that takes you to Winrar download page!

4. If you go to Romulation, then go to "Downloads" and then click on "Nintendo DS". I recommend signing up, as guests can only download limited games, and it's free registration!

5. In the search box, (It should be somewhere in the top right corner) type in the game you want.

6. Click on the one you want from the results and click on the yellow "Download" tab. Then, click on either US Server 1 or 2, it doesn't matter. I recommend saving on the desktop.

7. After the download is complete, the file should look like a pile of books. If it doesn't, then you haven't downloaded Winrar. Right click on the file and select "Extract files Here". A window should pop up and you can press enter. The extraction will start and a folder will appear on your desktop.

8. Go back to the window with your USB stuff and make a folder called "Games".

9. Open the folder on the desktop and you should find the NDS file inside. Copy the icon and paste it into the "Games" Folder you made.

10. Take out your USB and you can now delete all of the stuff you downloaded, put the Micro SD card back in the R4 card and play it on your DS! Enjoy!

Growing Vegetables and Herbs in Runescape

Another aspect of the farming skill in Runescape is the growing of herbs and vegetables. This will tell you all about that part.

The next thing you’ll need to know as you go to advance your farming ability in Runescape is how to grow your crops. If you don’t have the things that you need, the farming plots prepped correctly, or know how to get the crops to grow successfully, you’re bound for failure. Crops will grow even if you are offline, but they will take a longer time to grow.

Watering Your Plants

You will need to have a watering can after you plant your seeds. If the ground around the plant isn’t wet, you’re going to have to water your plants for them to grow. This is the main thing you’ll be doing, besides weeding your plot. A few plants will not need to be watered. These are cacti, herbs, bushes, trees, and mushrooms.

Vegetable Growth Times

Each of these vegetables needs to be grown in an Allotment patch to grow. They will take three seeds for you to grow them. The level needed to plant, the planting and harvesting experience gained, and the time to grow the seeds is given.

•Potato – This requires a farming level of 1 (so you can start these right from the start of your farming career), will give you 8 experience points for planting and 9 for harvesting, and it will take half an hour to 35 minutes for it to go from seed to harvest time.

•Onion – This requires a farming level of 5, will give you 9.5 experience points for planting the seed into the prepped ground and 10.5 for harvesting it after it has had its growth time. It will take half an hour to 35 minutes for it to grow to maturity.

•Cabbage – This requires a farming level of 7, will give you 10 experience points for planting (make sure you've prepped your plot) and 11.5 for harvesting, and it will take half an hour to 35 minutes for it to reach harvest time.

•Tomato – It will take a level of 12 to farm, will give 12.5 experience to plant and 14 to harvest after it has hit full maturity growth, and it will take 35 to 40 minutes for it to reach harvest time.
•Sweetcorn – It will need a level of 20 in farming runescape gold, will give 17 experience when you plant and 19 to harvest, and it will take 50 to 55 minutes for it to reach picking time. Remember sweetcorn will need better protection (like from a scarecrow) to grow successfully.

•Strawberry – It will need a level of 31 in farming, will give 26 experience points for planting and 29 for harvesting, it will need nearly an hour (50 to 55 minutes) to reach peak harvest.

•Watermelon – It takes a 47 farming level, will give you 48.5 experience for planting into a prepped farming lot and 54.5 for harvesting, and it will need over an hour (76 to 80 minutes) til you can harvest it.

Herb Growth Times

All of these herbs require one seed to plant and they will have to be planted in an Herb Patch for them to grow. It will take 70 full minutes for it to grow to maturity.

•Guam – This herb takes a farming level of 9 to plant. It will give you 11 experience points for planting the herb and it will give you 12.5 experience for harvesting it after it matures. This is used for attack potions, for Guthix Rest potions, and you can make guam tar and ground guar.

•Marrentil – This herb takes a farming level of 14. It will net you 13.5 experience for planting it and 15 experience for harvesting it after it matures. This will be used to make Guthix Rest potions and anti poison potions.

•Tarromin – With Tarromin you will need a farming level of 19 to plant and you will get 16 experience points for planting it with 18 experience points for harvesting it. Used to make strength potions and serum 207.

•Harralander – You will need to have a total of 26 farming skill and you will get experience points of 21.5 for planting and 24 for harvesting. This is used for stat restore potions, combat potions, Guthix Rest tea, and energy potions.

•Gout Tuber – These take 29 farming skill level to plant and it will get you the experience points of 105 for planting and 45 for harvesting. It is typically used in trading more than anything else.

•Ranarr Weed – The Ranarr Weed takes a level of 32 in farming to plant, giving you 27 experience points for planting and 30.5 experience points for harvesting the herb. This is used for prayer potions and for defense potions.

•Spirit Weed – The Spirit Weed will take a level of 36 in farming for you to plant, give you 32 experience points for planting and 36 for you to harvest. This is used to make summoning potions and have a distinct blue green color.

•Toadflax – This herb takes a farming skill level of 38 for you to plant. It will give you 34 experience points for planting it and it will give you 38.5 experience points for harvesting it. This is used to make agility potions and Saradomin brews.

•Irit Leaf – For this you will need a farming skill level of 44 and it will give you 43 experience points while you are planting it and 48.5 experience points while you are harvesting it. This makes super attack and super anti poison potions.

•Avantoe – This herb requires you to have a farming level of 50. It will give you 54.5 experience points for planting it and 62.5 experience points for you to harvest it. This makes hunter potions, fishing potions, and super energy potions.

•Kwuarm – For this herb you will need to have a farming skill level of 56. It will give you 69 experience points for planting and 78 for harvesting.These make super strength potion and some weapons potions.

•Snapdragon – The snapdragon needs an experience level of 62. It will give you the experience points of 87.5 for planting and 98.5 for harvesting it. These make super restore potions and is always an ingredient in the super compost.

•Cadantine – For this herb you will need a farming level of 67. The experience points that you will earn for it are 106.5 for planting and 120 for harvesting the herb.This makes the super defense potions.

•Lantadyme – This herb requires a 73 farming skill level and it will give you the experience points of 134.5 to plant and 151.5 to harvest the herb. This makes magic potions and anti fire potions.

•Dwarf Weed – This will need a farming level of 79 skill points. It offers you 170.5 experience points for planting and 192 for harvesting it. It is used to make ranging potions.

•Torstol – You will have to have 85 farming skill level points runescape account for this to be planted. It will give you 199.5 experience points for planting and 224.5 for harvesting it. Mainly used to make Zamorak brew.

Make Money And Train Combat

A lot of players on Runescape not only want to be rich, but also, want to be tough, strong, have good combat skills. Well, not to worry. If you are looking to train, there are still some great ways you can make tons of money along the way! Here are some suggestions on what you can train for certain levels, and how you can make money by training on them at the same time!

1. Killing Men at Edgeville and Getting Their Bones (Level 3-10)

Men are ideal to train on at low levels because they only do a maximum of 1 damage, and have a pretty good ammount of EXP as well. Not only that, but the men in Edgeville (the ones in the barn) are situated very close to the Edgeville Bank (just north of it). This is good not only because you could get food from the bank if you wanted, but also, it serves as a good place to deposit your bones that you get from killing the men.

You may be wondering, why should I be getting the bones? Well my friend, those bones the men drop are worth 80gp EACH! With the introduction of the Grand Exchange, the prices for bones have spiked up because it serves as a cheaper alternative to the big bones for people who want to increase their prayer level. So you know that demand for the bones will never run out. All you do is kill the men, getting exp, and pick up the bones. Once your inventory is filled with bones, you just go south of the barn to the Edgeville Bank. Deposit all the bones and repeat the process.

Once you have enough bones (depends on how much you want to sell at a time), head on over to the Grand Exchange. Put up and offer to sell the bones and let the GE take care of the rest. Botta -bing-botta-boom! You now have gold! Lets take a look at how much gold we can expect:

100 Bones x 80ea (price to sell at) = 8,000GP Total from selling all the bones

500 Bones x 80ea = 40,000GP

1000 Bones x 80ea = 80,000GP!!

WOW! So not only are you getting TONS of experience for your combat levels, but you are also getting TONS of money!

Once you have reached a combat level of 10, you are ready to proceed to the next thing to train on.

2. Cows Help you “MOO”ve on Up! (Level 15-40)

Many people in Runescape train on cows during their lower levels, but many fail to realize how much money they could be making while on their training. Some do realize how to make money while training on cows, but fail to pick the one best secret spot to train at.

How can money be made by killing cows, and what is the secret spot to train on them?

Answer: Cowhides and Gnome Copters

Cowhides run for about 120 GP EACH on the Grand Exchange! That means for every cow you are killing, you are receiving 120GP. That can add up especially when you start killing hundreds of cows a day for your training.

Most people don’t realize the value of cowhides, and so they just leave them on the floor. However, some people do, and so they choose to train on cows at places like the Fally Cow Barn and the Cow Barn at Lumbridge (the one north of Al Kharid). However, these people run into the trouble of having to travel quite a distance in order to bank their full inventories of heavy cowhides. This has been the only down side to training on cows until the release of the Gnome Copter area.

Here is the procedure you should take to becoming wealthy while training your combat on cows!

1. Clear your inventory and head Over to the Gnome Copters Area (North of Draynor Village, East of Draynor Manor)

2. Once there, start slaughtering the cows

3. Pick up ONLY the cowhides. If you are training prayer, go ahead and pick up the bones, but don’t let them take up space in your inventory.

4. Get an inventory full of cowhides

5. Head over to the deposit boxes

6. Deposit all the cowhides and repeat the process

The Gnome Copters area is relatively new to Runescape, and so the Cow killing advantage there is not known to many. Training here eliminates the need to go far in order to bank the cowhides, ensuring you can train and money money like a machine.

Cowhides easily sell at the Grand Exchange for 120GP a pop, so get almost 1000 cowhides, and thats over 100K!

Idea Contributors:

Blue Pika515

3. Killing Giants Will Make You a Money Giant (Level 40-50)

Now that you are a bit stronger and hopefully have some good armor, or at least can kill fast, it is time to train on Giants. To get to where the Giants are, you need to have a Brass Key, then head over to this little roofed room west of Varrok, near the bridge from Varrok to Barbarian Village.

Once there, use the Brass Key with the door and climb down the ladder inside. Welcome to the Giants training Area.

Here you will find tons of Giants that you can train on. They are excellent combat exp, and they have good drops. But what you want to get from them is Big Bones that are worth a unlike anything compared to the last step. Giants drop Big Bones (always) and Limpwurt Roots (sometimes). The Big Bones are worth big bucks, at 410gp EACH! And Limpwurt Roots are worth even more, at 670gp EACH!!! Just getting an inventory full of them is worth good money.

Once you’re inventory is filled with Big Bones and Limpwurt Roots, just head east to Varrok, bank the goods, and come back to resume your training/money-making. Then head on over to the Grand Exchange and turn your Limpwurt Roots and Big Bones intro BIG BUCKS (meaning tons of GP)!

If you can kill 1000 Giants, and you pick up the big bone each time, then…

Amount of Big Bones x Price Each = Total Value

1000 x 540 = 410,000GP+!!

And if you were to get the same amount of Limpwurt Roots, then…

Amount of Limpwurt Roots x Price Each = Total Value

1000 x 670 = 670,000GP+!!

Meaning, killing around 1000 Giants and picking up the Limpwurt Roots and Big Bones can make you an overnight millionaire and train those stats! What are you waiting for?

Pro’s of training here: Good exp, good money from Big Bones (410gp ea) and Limpwurt Roots (670 ea), and makes more money than the next step about Zombies.

Cons: Usually a busy place, so at times it may get annoying to find a giant to kill, and varrok bank isn’t right next to the place.

Personally, if you want to make big money and train your stats, Giants is the place to do it. However, if you want to get more efficient training with the sacrifice of making a little less money, read on about the Zombie Graveyard.

4. The Zombie Graveyard (Level 50-65)

The Zombie Graveyard is a dangerous place located in the Wilderness. Luckily players can no longer attack you in the wilderness, so at least you are safe from them. But there’s still the Rev. Ghosts that come out randomly and attack. Not only that, but its a multi zone, so 5 zombies that are level 18-24 can attack you all at once! Its a very dangerous place to be for low level players.

Why then, would this place be the next place to train? What would make this place so worth it? There are planks laying around there that are worth 200GP EA, thats what! There are a few planks laying around the floor of the Zombie Graveyard, and planks are always in demand by members who need to train their construction levels. So just keep training, and picking up the planks. Its a good training area too, because you can just leave your character there, and the zombies will automatically attack you, so its almost like auto training your combat. Just be careful, because its a multi-attack zone, and multiple zombies can attack you at once (thats why its suggest to be a higher level and have good armor). Once you are done picking up the planks, there’s even a convenient place located to bank the planks right next to the Graveyard at the Bounty Hunters bank (just go west of the Graveyard to get to Bounty Hunters). Bank your planks there and repeat the process.

Once you have enough (depending on how much you want to sell, head on over to the Grand Exchange and sell at will. Lets see how much money you can really make out of these planks:

100 Planks x 200ea (price to sell at) = 20,000GP Total from selling all the planks

500 Planks x 200ea = 100,000GP

1000 Planks x 200ea = 200,000GP!!

Pro’s of training here: Good exp, never busy, sometimes its like auto training, and bank is nearby to store items.

Cons: Risky because of Rev. Ghosts and planks are not worth as much as the big bones and limp roots the Giants drop.

5. Cockroach Soldiers (Level 65-??)

Cockroach Soldiers drop some of the best items on F2P, and its no wonder that this place always has higher level F2Pers busy with training.

The first thing you must do is complete the Stronghold of Player Safety (located in between Barbarian Village and Edgeville). Once you have completed it, climb down the crevice. You will be at an underground dungeon with tons of different cockroaches. Locate an area with Cockroach Soldiers and begin training.

Recommended Stats

Range Level 70+ (if you choose to Range them)

Attack 40+, Strength 65+, Defence 40+ (if you choose to Melee them)

Range is the easiest and most effective way to kill them since they are weaker against Ranged attacks, and also because your Dragon Hide armor provides excellent defense against their ranged Magic attacks.

Cockroach soldiers have a very high defense against magic attacks, and an average defense against Melee attacks.

Equipment:

Range Set:

Leather or Dragon Hide Coif

Green Dragon Hide Body

Green Dragon Hide Chaps

Green Dragon Hide Vambraces

A good amount of Iron Arrows

Leather Boots

Cape

Melee Set:

Full Rune Set

Fighting Boots (from Stronghold of Security)

Safety Gloves

Rune scimitar

Cape

Inventory:

2-3 Strength Potions for Meleers

Food (preferably Tuna or Lobster)

Tactics

If you are ranging, just go ahead and start ranging. Make sure it’s not too close to you or it will start melee attacking.

If you are Melee, drink a strength potion and then begin attacking. Once you see your Strength Level has gone down to 2 levels above the regular strength level, take another sip of the strength potion.

Drops

Here are some of their good drops that will make you a good ammount of money:

Rune Scimitar (somewhat rare)

Rune Square Shield (somewhat rare)

Rune Chain Body (somewhat rare)

1-20 Law Runes (common)

1-17 Death Runes

All Uncut Gems (common)

3 Noted Mithril Ore (common)

1 Noted Adamant Ore

1 Noted Runite Ore (very rare)

So you can see how there is a lot to be made from killing cockroach soldiers. To make even more money from killing monsters, you should consider going members.

Special Thanks to: leapower889

Training Combat For Members World